Post Office Protocol
RFC 1939
"Intended to permit a workstation to dynamically access a maildrop on a server host in a useful fashion."
So simple you can go get your mail yourself by writing a small script or just using Telnet. Used basically for downloading messages from the server and deleting them; IMAP offers much more.
POP3 servers generally listen on port 110.
USER name
PASS string
QUIT
STAT
LIST [messageNumber]
RETR messageNumber
DELE messageNumber
NOOP
RSET
APOP
TOP messageNumber n
UIDL [messageNumber]
All replies have one of two formats:
+OK text
-ERR text