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CMSI 488 
Preparation for Quiz 1
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The quiz is open book, notes, and "static" web.  You cannot
solicit answers nor extract information from a person or bot.
You can not look at nor take pictures of other people's
exams.

First, scan this list of the topics covered so far and make
sure everything at least rings a bell.

    Programs, Interpreters, and Translators
    Analysis-Synthesis Model of Translation
        Why it exists 
        Analysis Phases: Lexical -- Syntax -- Semantic
    Compiler structure
    Language Specification
        What is syntax, semantics, pragmatics
    Syntax
        Structure vs. Meaning  
        Difference between syntax errors and static semantic errors
        Why we separate context free parts from context sensitve parts
        Why we separate tokenization from phrase structure (Micro vs. Macro)
        CFG vs. BNF vs. EBNF vs. Syntax Diagrams
        Variations on EBNF
        Abstract Syntax
            How to write abstract syntax trees
            Multiple concrete syntaxes for a given abstract syntax
    Lexical Analysis
        Tokenization
        Regular Expressions
    Parsing
        The Top-Down approach
            Expand-Match, LL(k), ...
        The Bottom-Up approach (WILL NOT BE COVERED ON AN EXAM)
            Shift-Reduce, LR(k), ...
        Parser Generators
            JavaCC
    Example Language Specifications
        Iki
        Carlos
    A Carlos Compiler
        Components
        Project Structure
        JavaCC file
        Entities
        POM File

Know how to:

    * Write regular expressions

    * Determine a language based on a given grammar

    * Write a grammar for a given language, subject to constraints
      such as being LL(1), LL(2), LL(k), etc.

    * Classify errors as (a) lexical, (b) syntax, (c) static semantic,
      (d) dynamic semantic, (e) not an error.

    * Give an AST for a given code fragment.

    * Give a tree grammar for a given language.

    * Write a JavaCC specification for a language.

    * Critique stupid language design choices, backing up your
      critique with solid, technical arguments.

    * Detect grammar ambiguity, non-LL(1)ness.

    * Tokenize strings (by hand).

    * Find equivalent EBNF phrases for given phrases, such as AA* for A+.

To prepare:

    * Try to do practice questions that cover the above things you "need to
      know how to do" above.  Many exam questions will be very close
      to existing practice questions.